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CPR on Adults
Warning: This is not a replacement for a CPR course,
improper CPR or CPR performed on a person whose heart is still beating can cause serious injury.Never perform CPR unless:
- The person has stopped breathing .
- The person has no heartbeat (Pulseless).
- No one with more training in CPR is present at the incident.
You should take a CPR course with one of the volunteer first aid organizations, bring a friend !
1. Establish unresponsiveness and call for help.
Shake the person gently on the shoulder and shout, "Hello can you hear me, are you okay?" Be careful not to flex or twist the neck, as the victim may have a spinal injury. Move the victim only if necessary.
If the victim doesn't respond, call for help. When help comes, send that person to call your local emergency telephone number and ask for an ambulance.
If the victim is lying on his stomach, gently support his neck and roll him over onto his back. Roll head, neck, and shoulders together as a unit.
2. Check for breathing.
Kneel at right angles to the victim's shoulder, and looking toward the victim's chest, put your cheek next to his mouth to feel air passing through the lips. Watch the chest and abdomen to see if either is moving. In other words, look, listen, and feel for signs of breathing. This should take 3 to 5 seconds. If these signs aren't present, the victim is not breathing and you should open the airway.
3. Open the airway.
Open the airway by returning the victim's head face up and tilting the forehead back with one hand while lifting up on the chin with the other hand (head tilt/chin lift).
In an unconscious person the tongue relaxes and falls against the back of the throat, blocking air to the lungs. Sometimes, just opening the airway is enough to get the victim breathing again.
Again, look, listen, and feel for signs of breathing (3 to 5 seconds). If the victim does not promptly begin breathing on his own, begin rescue breathing immediately.
4. Begin basic rescue breathing.
Pinch the victim's nostrils shut with your hand still on the forehead. With your other hand still holding the chin, place your mouth over the victim's mouth, making a tight seal.
Slowly blow air into the victim's lungs until the chest rises. Each breath should last 1-½ to 2 seconds. Remove your mouth and allow time for the victim to exhale normally before delivering the second breath.
Once you deliver 2 breaths and see a good chest rise, check the victim's pulse.
5. Check for pulse.
Locate the carotid artery in the neck. Place the tips of your index and middle fingers on the victim's Adam's apple. Slide your fingers down the side of the victim's neck that is facing you, into the groove under the Adam's apple. Hold your fingers in place for 5 to 10 seconds.
6. If pulse is present-rescue breathe only.
If there is a pulse, continue rescue breathing only.
You must never do chest compression's on someone who has a pulse.Blow into the lungs once every 5 seconds.
Check the pulse once per minute (every 12 breaths). Continue rescue breathing until the victim breathes on his own or until medical help arrives. A revived victim still needs to be seen by a Doctor. This is important because a person can easily go into shock after breathing has stopped.
7. If pulse is absent-perform chest compression's.
Place the heel of one hand over the lower third of the sternum (breastbone) 1 to 2 finger widths above the notch where the sternum and ribs meet.
Place your other hand on top of the one that is in position. To avoid undue damage to the ribs, don't let your fingers touch the chest.
Straighten your arms and lock your elbows. Position your shoulders directly over your hands to make sure the thrust of each compression goes straight down on the sternum.
Using a steady, firm thrust, push down hard enough to press the lower end of the sternum 1½ to 2 inches with each compression. Lift your weight from the victim without lifting you hands from the chest. Repeat the compression.
Use a rate of 80 to 100 compression's per minute. To get the proper speed and rhythm, count out loud as you do the compression's: 1 and 2 and 3 and 4 and 5 and.
After each 15 compression's (counting to 5 three times), give 2 breaths. Take your hands off the chest, open the airway as before (head tilt/chin lift), pinch the nostrils, seal the mouth, and give 2 strong breaths. Looking out the corner of your eye, check for the chest to rise. Remember, the chest must deflate after each breath.
Go back to the chest, find the correct hand position again, and do 15 more compression's, followed by 2 breaths.
Repeat this compression/breath ratio of 15:2 approximately 1 minute (4 cycles of 15:2). Then check again for pulse and breathing (3 to 5 seconds).
If neither has returned, you must continue compression's and breathing until the person revives, qualified help comes, or you become exhausted. Recheck pulse every few minutes.
Warning: This is not a replacement for a CPR course,
improper CPR or CPR performed on a person whose heart is still beating can cause serious injury.
Never perform CPR on a person with a pulse.CPR Modification for Children (1 to 8 years)
CPR can also be used on children, the steps and sequence remain the same as for adults, however you must compensate for the smaller lung capacity of children. Compression's are less forceful than those used on adults.
Warning: Improper CPR or CPR performed on a children
whose heart is still beating can cause serious injury.Never perform CPR unless:
- The child has stopped breathing.
- The child has no heartbeat.
- No one with more training in CPR is present at the incident.
You should take a CPR course with one of the volunteer organizations, take a friend with you.
1. Establish unresponsiveness and call for help.
Shake the child gently on the shoulder and shout, "Hello, can your hear me, are you okay?" Be careful not to flex or twist the neck, as the child may have a spinal injury. Move the child only if necessary.
If the child doesn't respond, call for help. (When help comes, send that person to call 112 (mobile) or your local emergency number and ask for an ambulance.)
If the child is lying on his stomach, gently support his neck and roll him over onto his back. Roll head, neck, and shoulders together as a unit.
2. Check for breathing.
Kneel at right angles to the child's shoulder, and looking toward the child's chest, put your cheek next to his mouth to feel air passing through the lips. Watch the chest and abdomen to see if either is moving. In other words, look, listen, and feel for signs of breathing. This should take 3 to 5 seconds. If these signs aren't present, the child is not breathing and you should open the airway.
3. Open the airway.
Open the airway by returning the child's head face up, tilting the forehead back with one hand while lifting up on the chin with the other hand (head tilt/chin lift).
In an unconscious person the tongue relaxes and falls against the back of the throat, blocking air to the lungs. Sometimes, just opening the airway is enough to get the child breathing again.
Again, look, listen, and feel for signs of breathing (3 to 5 seconds). If the child does not promptly begin breathing on his own, begin rescue breathing immediately.
4. Begin basic rescue breathing.
Pinch the child's nostrils shut with your hand still on the forehead. With your other hand still holding the chin, place your mouth over the child's mouth, making a tight seal.
Slowly blow air into the child's lungs until the chest rises. Each breath should last 1 to 1-½ seconds. Remove your mouth and allow time for the child to exhale normally before delivering the second breath.
Once you deliver 2 breaths and see a good chest rise, check the child's pulse.
5. Check for pulse.
Locate the carotid artery in the neck. Place the tips of your index and middle fingers on the child's Adam's apple. Slide your fingers down the side of the child's neck that is facing you, into the groove under the Adam's apple. Hold your fingers in place for 5 to 10 seconds.
6. If pulse is present-rescue breathe only.
If there is a pulse, continue rescue breathing only.
Do not do chest compression's on someone who has a pulse.Gently blow into the lungs once every 4 seconds.
Check the pulse once per minute (every 15 breaths). Continue rescue breathing until the child breathes on his own or until medical help arrives. A revived victim still needs to be seen by a Doctor. This is important because a person can easily go into shock after breathing has stopped.
7. If pulse is absent-perform chest compression's.
Place heel of one hand over the lower half of the sternum (breastbone) 2 finger widths above the notch where the sternum and ribs meet. Use only one hand and be sure to use only the heel, keeping your fingers off the chest to avoid injuring the ribs.
Straighten your arm and lock your elbow. Position your shoulders directly over your hand to make sure the thrust of each compression goes straight down on the sternum.
Using a steady, firm thrust, push down hard enough to press the lower end of the sternum 1 to 1-½ inches with each compression. Lift your weight from the child without lifting your hand from the chest. Repeat the compression.
Use a rate of 100 compression's per minute. To get the proper speed and rhythm, count out loud as you do the compression's: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.
After 5 compression's perform 1 breath. Take your hand off the chest, open the airway as before (head tilt/chin lift), pinch the nostrils, seal the mouth, and give 1 breath. Looking out the corner of your eye, check for the chest to rise. Remember, the chest must deflate after each breath.
Go back to the chest, find the correct hand position again, and do 5 more compression's, followed by 1 breath.
Repeat this compression/breath ratio of 5:1 approximately 1 minute. Then check again for pulse and breathing (3 to 5 seconds).
If neither has returned, you must continue compression's and breathing until the child revives, qualified help comes, or you become exhausted. Recheck pulse every few minutes.
Warning: This is not a replacement for a CPR course,
improper CPR or CPR performed on a person whose heart is still beating can cause serious injury.
Never perform CPR on a person with a pulse.CPR Modification for Infants (Birth to 12 months)
CPR can also be used on infants, the steps and sequence remain the same as for adults, however you must compensate for the smaller lung capacity and faster breathing rate of babies. Compression's are considerably less forceful than those used on adults.
Warning: Improper CPR or CPR performed on a infant
whose heart is still beating can cause serious injury.Never perform CPR unless:
- The infant has stopped breathing .
- The infant has no heartbeat.
- No one with more training in CPR is present at the incident.
You should take a CPR course with one of the volunteer first aid organizations, bring a friend with you.
1. Establish unresponsiveness and call for help.
Tap the infant and gently shake the shoulder while you cry out for help. When help comes, send that person to call 112 or your local emergency number and ask for an ambulance.
Place the baby on a firm horizontal surface. A table is best if one is handy, otherwise use the floor. If the baby is on his stomach, roll him over onto his back. Roll head, neck, and shoulders together as a unit.
Caution: If there is trauma involved, the infant may have suffered a spinal injury be careful not to flex or twist the neck.
2. Check for breathing.
Put your cheek over the infant's mouth and look, listen, and feel for air passing through the lips and for the chest or abdomen to move. This should take 3 to 5 seconds.
Also check the lip color. If the lips are pink and you can hear or see the infant struggling to breathe, maintain an open airway, but don't start rescue breathing. If the lips are blue, not enough oxygen is reaching the blood and you must proceed to open the airway.
3. Open the airway.
With one hand on the forehead and the other under the neck, tip the head back to open the airway, but don't extend it as far as you would with an adult. Because an infant's neck is very flexible, be careful not to tilt the head so far back that the airway is blocked or the spine damaged.
In an unconscious person the tongue relaxes and falls against the back of the throat, blocking air to the lungs. Sometimes, just opening the airway is enough to get the infant breathing again.
Again, look, listen, and feel for signs of breathing (3 to 5 seconds). If the infant does not promptly begin breathing on his own, begin rescue breathing immediately.
4. Begin basic rescue breathing.
Cover and seal both the infant's nose and mouth with your mouth and give a slow, gentle puff of breath. Too much air may distend the stomach and result in vomiting.
Each breath should last 1½ to 2 second. Remove your mouth and allow time for the infant to exhale normally before delivering the second breath.
Once you deliver 2 breaths and see a good chest rise, check the infant's pulse.
5. Check for pulse.
Since the carotid pulse is difficult to locate on infants, use the brachial artery on the inside of the arm, midway between the elbow and the shoulder. Use the tips of your index and middle fingers. Hold your fingers in place for 5 to 10 seconds.
6. If pulse is present-rescue breathe only.
If there is a pulse, continue rescue breathing only.
Do not do chest compression's if there is a pulse.Give one gentle puff of breath every 3 seconds.
Check the pulse once per minute (every 20 breaths). Continue rescue breathing until the baby breathes on his own or until medical help arrives. A revived victim still needs to be seen by a Doctor. This is important because a person can easily go into shock after breathing has stopped.
7. If pulse is absent-perform chest compression's.
Place your middle and ring finger on the sternum (breastbone) one finger width below the nipple line and depress no more than ½ inch to 1 inch.
To get the proper speed and rhythm, count out loud as you do the compression's: 1,2,3,4,5. Don't lift your fingers from the baby's chest during the relaxation.
Since the respiration rates of infants is faster than adults, the compression's should be at a rate of at least 100 a minute, rather than the adult rate of 80.
Give 1 gentle breath every 5 compression's.
Go back to the chest, find the correct finger position again, and do 5 more compression's, followed by 1 breath. Repeat this compression/breath ratio of 5:1 approximately 1 minute. Then check again for pulse and breathing (3 to 5 seconds).
If neither has returned, you must continue compression's and breathing until the infant revives, qualified help comes, or you become exhausted. Recheck pulse every few minutes.
Warning: This is not a replacement for a CPR course,
improper CPR or CPR performed on a person whose heart is still beating can cause serious injury.
Never perform CPR on a person with a pulse.
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